BioInsights

  Recent advancements in stem cell technology offer new hope for patients with diseases and conditions that currently lack effective treatments. Stem cell therapies, particularly those involving human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have become important in the field of regenerative medicine. hPSCs are unique because they can renew themselves and transform into almost any cell type in the body, including cells from all three major tissue types. MSCs, on the other hand, are specialized cells that can renew themselves to some extent and can develop into various types of tissue, particularly those like bone, cartilage, and fat, as recognized by the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This review highlights recent clinical applications using either hPSCs or MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose (fat) tissue, or umbilical cord tissue to treat various human diseases. These include neurological disorders, lung ...

  Cancer research and drug development have advanced significantly with the rise of new technologies like whole-genome sequencing, proteome analysis, and exome sequencing. These methods have provided fresh insights and information. In the early stages, drug discovery typically begins in academic settings, where researchers explore and lay the foundation for targeting specific proteins, pathways, or cellular networks to achieve therapeutic effects. Over the last decade, there has been significant progress in understanding cancer and developing targeted treatments. Molecular research has identified key mutations in various cancer types, allowing for the creation of drugs aimed at these specific targets. Another breakthrough was understanding that cells within the same tumor can vary in their characteristics, which explains why some treatments work differently for primary tumors compared to metastases in the same patient. Additionally, researchers have uncovered how tumor...