BioInsights

  The reproductive system is a group of organs and glands in the body that work together to facilitate reproduction. Males' reproductive organs include the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and penis. Females' organs include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The male reproductive system's major role is to make and deliver sperm, whereas the female reproductive system is in charge of generating eggs, providing a proper environment for fertilization and fetal development, and giving birth. The reproductive system of humans consist of: Primary sex organs (gonads) which produce gametes and hormones Secondary sex organs which participate in reproduction Accessory sex organs that causes differences in the appearance of the two sexes Ovaries and testes are the primary reproductive organs, sometimes known as the gonads. These organs produce eggs, sperm cells, and hormones. These hormones help to mature the reproductive system, develop sexual traits, and ...

  Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste products are removed (completely or partially) from an animal's body. It differs from egestion, which is the removal of undigested food materials from the body. Nitrogenous wastes (such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid) are the most major metabolic waste produced by mammals. These wastes are formed during the breakdown of amino acids and nucleic acids and are extremely hazardous to the cellular environment. The nature of nitrogen-containing wastes (ammonia, urea, and uric acid) and their excretion differs between species, depending on the availability of water. Ammonia is the most toxic type and requires a substantial amount of water to be eliminated, whereas uric acid, which is the least harmful, may be removed with minimal water loss. The human excretory system is made up of two kidneys, two ureters, one urine bladder, and a urethra. The kidney is a urine-producing organ. A renal artery supplies blood to each kidney, ...

  During aerobic respiration, organisms use oxygen to oxidize respiratory substrates such as glucose, releasing energy for various activities. Catabolic processes also result in the release of carbon dioxide. As a result, oxygen must be continuously delivered to the cells, and the carbon dioxide created by the cells must be expelled. Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange in which cells absorb oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide. The process of respiration involves the following processes: Pulmonary ventilation or breathing - Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli of the lungs. Pulmonary (External) respiration - Exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between air in the alveoli and the blood within the capillaries. Thee blood transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and tissues. Internal respiration - Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the tissue cells and the blood. Respiratory organs The respiratory sy...